West Dean College

Lead Lines by Sasha Ward

On the five day stained glass course at West Dean College students sometimes make panels which are particularly good because of the way that the painting and sandblasting combine with the leading. There is no set way of doing this as you can see from the variety of examples I have chosen below.

Panels by students at West Dean College. Top: Gillian, Helen’s workbench, Zahra. Bottom Karl, Sarah, Julie.

Top left (Gillian) used a silhouette of black paint around the edges of the pieces thus disguising the lead lines, which is good practice. Bottom left (Karl) used lines of black paint and sandblasted areas in the foreground to link the separate glass pieces, which is also good practice. Top left (Zahra) framed interesting pieces of chunky glass with off cuts, collage style. Bottom right (Julie) combined the collage style with lines and spatters of paint worked across the lead lines. The panel at bottom centre was a particular triumph in its use of a colour palette where nothing jumps out and where the lead lines describe the objects while also making a pattern. This student (Sarah) did all the painting on one evening when she was able to put the glass pieces next to each other on a light box, it’s really hard to do good glass painting when you haven’t got the space to do this.

West Dean House, window with portrait of Edward James by Patrick Reyntiens 1990s and foliage detail.

The Patrick Reyntiens window in the oak hall at West Dean House is useful for showing students some of these glass painting techniques. They are usually amazed to discover that you can’t really make out from a distance what is lead line and what is black paint. This is loosely applied, with scraffito details, on the green glass that makes up the tree trunks and the foliage (above right).

Panel by Susan, 2023, with inspiration from Louis David.

Sometimes a student’s panel references a particular window, like Susan’s version of a Louis David figure from a window in Colmonell, Ayrshire. In the photos above you can see the stages in between, with a fabulous drawing on black paper where details from the illustration of the window were moved around to make something new. On another of last year’s courses, Benedikt found a Harry Clarke illustration of the mealstrom and combined it (hooray for originality) with his version of the stick man from the album cover of Led Zeppelin IV (below right).

Panel by Benedikt, 2023, with inspiration from Led Zeppelin and Harry Clarke.

On this year’s course Helen finished her large (600 x 500 mm) door panel of Thunderbird 2 flying over the sea. Her originality was in the working process, with the overall design in her head rather than on paper. The separate elements - sea, sky and copper foiled Thunderbird came together over a few courses like magic, trailing lead lines through the broken pieces of sky.

Thunderbird 2, made by Helen completed in 2024.

Inspirational students by Sasha Ward

Favourites from previous courses: left 2018 shown against the flint walls of the house, right 2019 (scale shown is on the lightbox).

Favourites from previous courses: left 2018 shown against the flint walls of the house, right 2019 (scale shown is on the lightbox).

The course I teach at West Dean College starts with an illustrated talk, of which the most popular section is the gallery of past students’ work. Although I aim to show a range of techniques and approaches to the craft, inevitably the panels I choose to show are the ones I like best. My two previous favourites are shown above, they are similar in their modular style which means the panels are fun to make as you can change your mind about which piece of glass goes where. On this year’s course, just completed, there were three students working in three different ways whose work I loved.

Six pieces of enamelled glass by Ursula Yeates.

Six pieces of enamelled glass by Ursula Yeates.

I’ve just inherited some glass enamels for students’ use - just as well as Ursula really lays it on thick! This time she painted at least thirty smallish glass pieces with opaque and transparent enamels, experimenting with spectacular results. She leaded some of these pieces together, but they are also good enough on their own - the top middle (above) at only fifteen cms tall, is amazing. All this painting inspired the group of students to use more paint in their stained glass panels than they usually do. Despite my talk with historical examples, I find it hard to convince people that the best stained glass windows are actually also painted.

Angela covered her pieces of glass with black iron oxide and drew into it with a stick in the traditional way. At the bottom and top of her tree you find a fox and a bird’s nest which are both drawn so confidently, while for the leaves she drew on a large sheet of green glass and then cut it up. The whole panel is lovely, the details (below) show the freedom in her drawing.

Painted details from stained glass panel by Angela Ibbs.

Painted details from stained glass panel by Angela Ibbs.

The last set of panels, just some of the work that Katie did in five days, combine drawing in black iron oxide, enamel painting and pattern making. The sea urchin panel (below left) at about twenty cms. tall, was her sample piece and so good that I can imagine an enormous window like this, with shapes and patterns repeating. On her house plant panel (below left) she used some of this scratching off technique, but also sandblasting and painting with enamels on pieces of glass cut to a very satisfying plan. These last two students were absolute stained glass beginners. All of them have inspired me, now back in my own studio, with the joy of making.

Two panels by Katie Bebbington, left sea urchins, right house plants.

Two panels by Katie Bebbington, left sea urchins, right house plants.

Sea, Stone and Glass by Sasha Ward

Detail of 1919 window designed by Edward Prynne, made by J.Jennings.

Usually, you can find a great bit of detail in any old stained glass window. I saw this wonderful cupid at the bottom of one of a series of six in St Thomas a Becket, Pagham, West Sussex, helpfully signed with the inscription of the designer and the maker, "Edwd. A.F.Prynne, J. Jennings, AD 1919". The backgrounds to the figures are smothered with clumps of plants between streams of water on pieces of glass whose shape reminded me of the flints that some buildings in this area are made of.

Wall of St Thomas a Becket, Pagham.          Background detail from one of the six Edward Prynne windows

Details from the east window, with signatures at bottom right.

The whole of the east window is a lovely composition of old glass. The details I have picked out include figures in bright coloured glass with rich silverstain. In the bottom right of each photo is another useful inscription - on the left "Re-glazed & re-arranged 1939 HMOT" (Howard Martin Otto Travers), on the right "RE-LEADED AD 1919 J.Jennings". 

It was good to have this reminder of the process as I was on my way to teach a stained glass course at West Dean College. At the end of the week I could see lots of links between the windows in Pagham Church and the students' panels, see below. These include representations of the sea in cut shapes and glass paint, clump shaped pieces of glass with landscape painting, and the inspiring backdrop of a wall in the world's largest flint building (according to one of my students, an ex- architect).

Student windows from West Dean College: sea, rainy landscape, composition in front of flint wall at West Dean.

Pagham: seaside coffee break, seaside architecture, seaside window.

Click images to enlarge